Go语言交叉编译工具gox

转载 · 平也 · 2020-05-08 · 原文
Go

基本介绍#
交叉编译是为了在不同平台编译出其他平台的程序,比如在Linux编译出Windows程序,在Windows能编译出Linux程序,32位系统下编译出64位程序,今天介绍的gox就是其中一款交叉编译工具。

配置环境#
首先配置好Go语言的环境变量,并在~/.bash_profile中设置,简单说明一下为什么要添加至该文件,首先以下代码在终端执行完成后只对当前会话有效,关闭终端变量就失效了,而.bash_profile文件在用户每次登录时都会执行一次,把环境变量设置到该文件中,每次登录都会初始化环境变量。当然,放在~/.bashrc中也是可以的,它不仅会在登录时执行,还会在每次打开终端时执行。

export GOPATH=${HOME}/go
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export GOBIN=${GOPATH}/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:${GOBIN}

GOROOT与GOPATH要根据自身情况设置,不要盲目跟从,设置完成后若要该文件立即生效,可以执行source命令。

source ~/.bash_profile

如果你的终端装了zsh,可能重新打开终端后依然会失效,那么可以在~/.zshrc文件的最后一行追加上source指令。

source ~/.bash_profile

gox的安装#
在终端执行以下指令进行安装。

go get github.com/mitchellh/gox

# 如果在$GOBIN下未生成gox
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/mitchellh/gox
go build
mv gox $GOBIN

安装结束后,执行gox -h,如果有展示帮助信息,代表安装成功。

➜  ~ gox -h
Usage: gox [options] [packages]

  Gox cross-compiles Go applications in parallel.

  If no specific operating systems or architectures are specified, Gox
  will build for all pairs supported by your version of Go.
  ......

gox的使用#
按照惯例,我们先祭出hello,world的演示代码。

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Print("hello,world")
}

此时进入项目中的工作目录($GOPATH/src/[你的项目名]),直接执行gox命令,会生成多达21个不同平台的可执行文件,横跨linux、windows、freebsd、darwin等系统。

➜  hello gox
Number of parallel builds: 3

-->     linux/amd64: hello
-->   openbsd/amd64: hello
-->      darwin/386: hello
-->    linux/mipsle: hello
-->     windows/386: hello
-->   windows/amd64: hello
-->    darwin/amd64: hello
-->       linux/386: hello
-->     linux/s390x: hello
-->      netbsd/386: hello
-->       linux/arm: hello
-->     freebsd/386: hello
-->    netbsd/amd64: hello
-->     freebsd/arm: hello
-->   freebsd/amd64: hello
-->     openbsd/386: hello
-->    linux/mips64: hello
-->      linux/mips: hello
-->  linux/mips64le: hello
-->      netbsd/arm: hello

但我并不想一次生成所有平台的程序,这时就需要gox的参数进行指定,如下所示,os参数指定要生成的系统名称,arch指定CPU的架构。

gox -os "windows" -arch amd64

其实它所支持的并不止21款,这些只是默认生成的,下面是gox对各种系统的定义,感兴趣的同学可以自行了解。

Platforms_1_0 = []Platform{
        {"darwin", "386", true},
        {"darwin", "amd64", true},
        {"linux", "386", true},
        {"linux", "amd64", true},
        {"linux", "arm", true},
        {"freebsd", "386", true},
        {"freebsd", "amd64", true},
        {"openbsd", "386", true},
        {"openbsd", "amd64", true},
        {"windows", "386", true},
        {"windows", "amd64", true},
    }

    Platforms_1_1 = append(Platforms_1_0, []Platform{
        {"freebsd", "arm", true},
        {"netbsd", "386", true},
        {"netbsd", "amd64", true},
        {"netbsd", "arm", true},
        {"plan9", "386", false},
    }...)

    Platforms_1_3 = append(Platforms_1_1, []Platform{
        {"dragonfly", "386", false},
        {"dragonfly", "amd64", false},
        {"nacl", "amd64", false},
        {"nacl", "amd64p32", false},
        {"nacl", "arm", false},
        {"solaris", "amd64", false},
    }...)

    Platforms_1_4 = append(Platforms_1_3, []Platform{
        {"android", "arm", false},
        {"plan9", "amd64", false},
    }...)

    Platforms_1_5 = append(Platforms_1_4, []Platform{
        {"darwin", "arm", false},
        {"darwin", "arm64", false},
        {"linux", "arm64", false},
        {"linux", "ppc64", false},
        {"linux", "ppc64le", false},
    }...)

    Platforms_1_6 = append(Platforms_1_5, []Platform{
        {"android", "386", false},
        {"linux", "mips64", false},
        {"linux", "mips64le", false},
    }...)

    Platforms_1_7 = append(Platforms_1_5, []Platform{
        // While not fully supported s390x is generally useful
        {"linux", "s390x", true},
        {"plan9", "arm", false},
        // Add the 1.6 Platforms, but reflect full support for mips64 and mips64le
        {"android", "386", false},
        {"linux", "mips64", true},
        {"linux", "mips64le", true},
    }...)

    Platforms_1_8 = append(Platforms_1_7, []Platform{
        {"linux", "mips", true},
        {"linux", "mipsle", true},
    }...)

除了刚才的命令外还有另一种生成方式,用斜杠的方式将系统与架构合并批量生成。

gox -osarch "windows/amd64 linux/amd64"